Python video composition with moviepy 2.x

moviepy for Video Production

moviepy is the toolkit's go-to library for putting deterministic text on top of AI-generated video and for building short, single-file Python video projects without a Remotion toolchain.

The deeper principle is trustworthy text: any genre where text has to be readable, accurate, and consistent (legally, editorially, or commercially) is a genre where AI-rendered in-frame text is unacceptable and a moviepy overlay step is the natural fix. Names must be spelled right. Prices must be exact. Source attributions must be pixel-perfect. AI generation models cannot guarantee any of that.

When to use moviepy vs. Remotion

Use moviepy when…	Use Remotion when…
Overlaying text/labels on an LTX-2 or SadTalker output	Building long-form sprint reviews or product demos
Building sub-30s ad-style spots in a single build.py	Multi-template, multi-brand, design-heavy work
Compositing data-driven visuals (matplotlib FuncAnimation → mp4)	Anything needing React components or design system reuse
One-off transformations on existing video files	Anything where the project lifecycle (planning → render) matters
You want zero Node.js / no React mental overhead	You want hot-reload preview in Remotion Studio

Two runnable references for everything in this skill live in examples/:

• examples/quick-spot/build.py — 15-second ad-style spot. Audio-anchored timeline, text overlay, optional VO + ducked music. Renders silent out of the box with zero external assets.
• examples/data-viz-chart/build.py — animated time-series chart with deterministic title and source attribution. Demonstrates the matplotlib (data) + moviepy (trustworthy text) split.

Both run with uv run build.py and produce a real out.mp4 immediately. Read them alongside this skill — every pattern below is shown working there.

Dependencies. moviepy, Pillow, and matplotlib are declared in the root pyproject.toml and installed with the toolkit's one-line Python setup: uv sync. If you hit Missing dependency when running an example, run that command from the repo root — the examples' build.py files will tell you the same thing in their error message and exit cleanly rather than printing a bare traceback.

The main use case: text on AI-generated video

Both LTX-2 and SadTalker output bare visuals:

• LTX-2 cannot reliably render readable text (the model hallucinates letterforms — see the ltx2 skill's "Bad Prompts").
• SadTalker outputs a talking head with no captions, labels, lower thirds, or context.

The fix is to generate the visual cleanly, then composite text over it deterministically with moviepy. This is the canonical pattern in this toolkit:

from moviepy import VideoFileClip, ImageClip, CompositeVideoClip

# 1. AI-generated visual (LTX-2 or SadTalker output)
bg = VideoFileClip("lugh_ltx.mp4").without_audio()

# 2. Text rendered via PIL → ImageClip (see "Text rendering" below)
title = (
    ImageClip("text_cache/intro_title.png")
    .with_duration(2.0)
    .with_start(0.5)
    .with_position(("center", 880))
)

# 3. Composite
final = CompositeVideoClip([bg, title], size=(1920, 1080))
final.write_videofile("lugh_with_caption.mp4", fps=30, codec="libx264")

Common shapes this takes:

Shape	LTX-2 use	SadTalker use
Title card over hero footage	"INTRODUCING LONGARM" over a cinematic LTX-2 b-roll	n/a
Lower third / name plate	n/a	"Lugh — Ancient Warrior God" under a talking head
Quote caption	"I am going home." over an LTX-2 character cameo	Same, over a SadTalker talking head
Brand attribution	Logo + URL fade-in over the last second	Same
Tinted overlay for contrast	Dark navy semi-transparent layer behind text	Same

Genres where this shines

The "AI-visual + deterministic text overlay" pattern is the natural production pipeline for several styles of video. If the request matches one of these, reach for moviepy by default:

Genre	What you overlay	Why moviepy is the right call
News / talking-head journalism	Speaker name plates, location bars, breaking-news banners, source attribution, pull quotes	Names must be spelled right (editorial / legal). The biggest category by volume.
Documentary segments	Interviewee lower thirds, chapter titles, archival source credits, location stamps	Same trust requirement as news.
Trailers / promo spots	Title cards, credit overlays ("FROM THE DIRECTOR OF…"), date stings, quote cards, CTAs	Tightly timed, text-heavy, every frame matters. The q2-townhall-longarm-ad example is exactly this.
Social short-form (Reels, TikTok, Shorts)	Word-accurate captions for sound-off viewing, hashtag overlays	Most social viewing is muted; captions are non-negotiable.
Product demos with annotations	Pricing callouts, feature labels, "click here" pointers over screen recordings, before/after labels	Prices and product names must be exact.
Tutorials / explainers	Step number overlays, terminal-command captions, keyboard-shortcut callouts	Step numbers must be sequential, commands must be copy-pasteable.

Lesser-but-real fits: music videos (lyric overlays), reaction videos (source attribution), sports recaps (score overlays), real-estate tours (price / sqft), conference talks (speaker + session plate).

For full SRT-driven subtitling (long-form, time-coded, multilingual) moviepy is workable but not ideal — reach for ffmpeg with subtitles filter or a dedicated subtitle tool. moviepy is best for hand-placed overlays, not bulk caption tracks.

Text rendering — use PIL, not TextClip

Critical gotcha: moviepy 2.x's TextClip(method='label') has a tight-bbox bug that clips letter ascenders and descenders (the tops of capitals, the tails of g/p/y). On Apple Silicon you'll see characters with sliced edges and not realise what's wrong for hours.

The workaround: render text to a transparent PNG via PIL, then load it as an ImageClip. Cache the result by content hash so re-builds are free.

import hashlib
from pathlib import Path
from PIL import Image, ImageDraw, ImageFont

ARIAL_BOLD = "/System/Library/Fonts/Supplemental/Arial Bold.ttf"

def render_text_png(txt, size, hex_color, cache_dir="./text_cache"):
    cache = Path(cache_dir); cache.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
    key = hashlib.sha1(f"{txt}|{size}|{hex_color}".encode()).hexdigest()[:16]
    path = cache / f"{key}.png"
    if path.exists():
        return str(path)

    font = ImageFont.truetype(ARIAL_BOLD, size)
    bbox = ImageDraw.Draw(Image.new("RGBA", (1, 1))).textbbox((0, 0), txt, font=font)
    tw, th = bbox[2] - bbox[0], bbox[3] - bbox[1]
    pad = max(20, size // 4)

    img = Image.new("RGBA", (tw + pad * 2, th + pad * 2), (0, 0, 0, 0))
    rgb = tuple(int(hex_color.lstrip("#")[i:i+2], 16) for i in (0, 2, 4))
    ImageDraw.Draw(img).text((pad - bbox[0], pad - bbox[1]), txt, font=font, fill=(*rgb, 255))
    img.save(path)
    return str(path)

The full helper (with kwargs for bold, position, fades, and cleaner ergonomics) is in examples/quick-spot/build.py — copy it rather than re-implementing.

Audio-anchored timeline pattern

For ad-style edits where every frame matters, generate per-scene VO first and anchor every visual to known absolute timestamps. This eliminates timing drift entirely. See CLAUDE.md → Video Timing → Audio-Anchored Timelines for the full pattern. The short version:

# Audio-anchored timeline (25s):
#   Scene 1 tired      0.3 → 3.74  (audio 3.44s)
#   Scene 2 worries    4.0 → 8.88  (audio 4.88s)

text_clip("TIRED OF",     start=0.5,  duration=1.2)
text_clip("THIRD-PARTY",  start=1.0,  duration=1.8)
vo_clip("01_tired.mp3",   start=0.3)
vo_clip("02_worries.mp3", start=4.0)

Common recipes

Text on a single AI-generated clip

from moviepy import VideoFileClip, ImageClip, CompositeVideoClip

bg = VideoFileClip("ltx_hero.mp4").without_audio()
caption = (
    ImageClip(render_text_png("THE FUTURE OF AGENTS", 140, "#FFFFFF"))
    .with_duration(bg.duration)
    .with_position(("center", 880))
)
CompositeVideoClip([bg, caption], size=bg.size).write_videofile("captioned.mp4", fps=30)

Lower third over a SadTalker talking head

from moviepy import VideoFileClip, ImageClip, ColorClip, CompositeVideoClip

talking = VideoFileClip("narrator_sadtalker.mp4")
W, H = talking.size

# Semi-transparent bar across the bottom for contrast
bar = (
    ColorClip((W, 140), color=(20, 24, 38))
    .with_duration(talking.duration)
    .with_opacity(0.75)
    .with_position(("center", H - 160))
)
name = (
    ImageClip(render_text_png("LUGH", 72, "#F06859"))
    .with_duration(talking.duration)
    .with_position((80, H - 150))
)
title = (
    ImageClip(render_text_png("Ancient Warrior God", 36, "#FFFFFF"))
    .with_duration(talking.duration)
    .with_position((80, H - 80))
)
CompositeVideoClip([talking, bar, name, title]).write_videofile("with_lower_third.mp4", fps=30)

Tinted overlay for text contrast over busy footage

LTX-2 b-roll is often too visually busy for legible text. Drop a semi-transparent navy layer between the video and the text:

from moviepy import ColorClip

tint = (
    ColorClip((W, H), color=(20, 24, 38))
    .with_duration(duration)
    .with_opacity(0.55)
)
# Composite order: bg → tint → text
CompositeVideoClip([bg, tint, text_clip])

Side-by-side composite

from moviepy import VideoFileClip, CompositeVideoClip, ColorClip

left  = VideoFileClip("demo_a.mp4").resized(width=960).with_position((  0, "center"))
right = VideoFileClip("demo_b.mp4").resized(width=960).with_position((960, "center"))
bg    = ColorClip((1920, 1080), color=(0, 0, 0)).with_duration(max(left.duration, right.duration))
CompositeVideoClip([bg, left, right]).write_videofile("split.mp4", fps=30)

Mix per-scene VO with ducked music

from moviepy import AudioFileClip, CompositeAudioClip
from moviepy.audio.fx.MultiplyVolume import MultiplyVolume
from moviepy.audio.fx.AudioFadeIn import AudioFadeIn
from moviepy.audio.fx.AudioFadeOut import AudioFadeOut

music = AudioFileClip("music.mp3").with_effects([
    MultiplyVolume(0.22),  # duck under VO
    AudioFadeIn(0.5),
    AudioFadeOut(1.5),
])
vo = [
    AudioFileClip(f"scenes/0{i}.mp3").with_effects([MultiplyVolume(1.15)]).with_start(start)
    for i, start in [(1, 0.3), (2, 4.0), (3, 9.1)]
]
final_audio = CompositeAudioClip([music] + vo)

Gotchas

• moviepy 2.x renamed methods. Use subclipped (not subclip), with_duration / with_start / with_position (not set_duration etc.), with_effects([...]) instead of .fadein()/.fadeout(). Many tutorials online still show 1.x syntax — be skeptical.
• TextClip(method='label') clips ascenders/descenders. Always use the PIL workaround above.
• OffthreadVideo is Remotion-only. moviepy uses VideoFileClip. Don't mix the two.
• Resizing requires Pillow ≥ 10.0 for the LANCZOS resample. If you see ANTIALIAS errors, upgrade Pillow.
• ColorClip takes RGB tuples, not hex strings. Use (20, 24, 38), not "#141826".
• Audio in VideoFileClip is loaded by default. Call .without_audio() if you only want the visual — composing with audio you don't want will cause silent VO drops in CompositeAudioClip.
• Always set size=(W, H) on CompositeVideoClip. Without it, output dimensions follow the first clip, which can be smaller than your target.

When to reach for what

Task	Tool
Animate a still image	tools/ltx2.py --input
Talking head from photoreal portrait	tools/sadtalker.py
Talking head from stylized character	tools/ltx2.py --input (see ltx2 skill)
Add a label/caption/lower third to either of the above	moviepy + PIL (this skill)
Convert / compress / resize an existing file	ffmpeg (see ffmpeg skill)
Long-form, design-system-driven video	Remotion (see remotion skill)

References

• Runnable example — short ad-style spot: examples/quick-spot/build.py
• Runnable example — data-viz with text overlay: examples/data-viz-chart/build.py
• Audio-anchored timelines: CLAUDE.md → Video Timing → Audio-Anchored Timelines
• Related skills: ltx2, ffmpeg, remotion