Parse error logs, stack traces

Debugging Log Analyser Skill

Parses raw error logs, stack traces, and crash reports into a structured diagnosis with probable root cause, affected code path, and specific next steps — no hand-waving.

Where this sits — the diagnosis step

Second in the incident-response spine: /slo-error-budget (frame) → debugging-log-analyser → /incident-postmortem → /oncall-runbook. It takes the raw symptoms of a live incident and hands /incident-postmortem the root-cause diagnosis and the fix — so the postmortem builds on the diagnosis instead of re-deriving it. Shared terms (root cause vs contributing factors, mitigation vs resolution) are defined once in docs/craft/incident-response.md.

The loop

Debugging fails when it jumps to a fix before the evidence supports it. Phase 2 is the skill — a diagnosis is only as good as its confidence, and false certainty sends responders down the wrong path at the worst time.

1. Classify and read the evidence. Categorise the error, walk the stack trace to the actual failing frame (not the framework noise), and note what the logs do and don't show. Redact secrets in anything you quote back. Done when: the failing frame is identified, and the evidence gap (what the logs can't tell you) is stated rather than filled with a guess.
2. Reach a root cause with an honest confidence level. Name the most probable root cause and its confidence (confirmed / likely / uncertain), plus the alternative if it's not certain. A diagnosis without a confidence level is a guess wearing a lab coat. Done when: the root cause carries a confidence label and, if not confirmed, the next observation that would confirm or refute it.
3. Specify the fix and the mitigation separately. Give the concrete code-level fix for the root cause — and, distinctly, the fastest mitigation to stop user impact now (rollback, flag-off), because stopping the bleeding and fixing the wound are different moves at different urgencies. Done when: there's a specific fix for the root cause AND an immediate mitigation, and they're not conflated.
4. Hand off to the postmortem. Surface the diagnosis, the fix, and the timings so /incident-postmortem can build the timeline and contributing factors from evidence, not memory. Done when: the postmortem could start from this output without re-diagnosing.

Required Inputs

Ask for these if not provided:

• The log / stack trace / error output (paste directly or describe the error)
• Language and framework (e.g. Node.js + Express, Python + Django, Java Spring, Go)
• Context (what changed before this started — e.g. recent deploy, config change, increased traffic, new input data; or "nothing changed" is also useful)
• Frequency (one-off / intermittent / consistent / regression after a specific change)
• Environment (local dev / staging / production)
• What they've already tried (if anything)

Output Format

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Debugging Report: [Service/App Name]

1. Error Classification

Error type: [Runtime exception / Build error / Config error / Network error / Memory error / Unknown] Severity: [Fatal / Critical / Warning / Informational] Recurrence pattern: [One-off / Intermittent / Consistent / On-startup / Under load]

2. Stack Trace Analysis

Walk the stack frame by frame, starting from the origin:

• Origin frame: [File, line, function where it started]
• Propagation path: [How it travelled through the call stack]
• Crash point: [Where it ultimately threw/panicked/exited]

For each significant frame, note whether it is:

• User code (fixable here)
• Framework/library code (usually a misuse issue)
• System/runtime code (usually a config or environment issue)

3. Root Cause Assessment

Probable root cause: [1–2 sentence plain English statement] Confidence: [High / Medium / Low — and why] Alternative causes to rule out: [If confidence is not high]

4. Affected Code Path

Entry point: [Where the triggering call began] Key function(s) involved: [Specific functions/methods named in the trace] Data that triggered it: [If inferable from the log — e.g. null value, malformed JSON]

5. Suggested Fix

Provide a concrete, code-level suggestion:

• What to change (the minimal fix)
• Why this fixes the root cause
• Any trade-offs or risks in the fix
• A short code snippet if helpful

6. Next Debugging Steps

If the root cause is uncertain, provide an ordered list of 3–5 specific debugging actions:

1. [Specific thing to check — file, log line, config value]
2. [Specific reproduction step or isolation test]
3. [Specific tool command — e.g. strace, pprof, --verbose, add logging at X]

7. Prevention

One or two concrete things that would prevent this class of error recurring:

• Better input validation at [point]
• Add monitoring/alerting for [condition]
• Test that covers [scenario]

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Quality Checks

• Root cause is specific (not "there might be a null pointer issue")
• At least one concrete code-level fix is suggested
• Next steps are actionable commands, not vague advice
• Suggested fix references the actual language/framework in the input (not a generic fix that could apply to any language)
• Confidence level includes a stated reason (not just "High" or "Low" with no explanation)
• Prevention is proactive (not just "add error handling")

Anti-Patterns

• A vague root cause ("something's null somewhere") instead of the specific line/frame
• A generic fix that could apply to any language, ignoring the actual stack trace
• Restating the error message instead of explaining what it means
• "Add error handling" as prevention, with no specific guardrail
• High/Low confidence with no reason behind it

Usage Examples

• "Why is this crashing?" + [paste log]
• "Can you analyse this stack trace?"
• "I'm getting this error, what does it mean?"
• "Debug this log for me"
• "What's causing this exception?"