Red team

Red Team

Red team engagement planning and attack path analysis skill for authorized offensive security simulations. This is NOT vulnerability scanning (see security-pen-testing) or incident response (see incident-response) — this is about structured adversary simulation to test detection, response, and control effectiveness.

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Table of Contents

• Overview
• Engagement Planner Tool
• Kill-Chain Phase Methodology
• Technique Scoring and Prioritization
• Choke Point Analysis
• OPSEC Risk Assessment
• Crown Jewel Targeting
• Attack Path Methodology
• Workflows
• Anti-Patterns
• Cross-References

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Overview

What This Skill Does

This skill provides the methodology and tooling for red team engagement planning — building structured attack plans from MITRE ATT&CK technique selection, access level, and crown jewel targets. It scores techniques by effort and detection risk, assembles kill-chain phases, identifies choke points, and flags OPSEC risks.

Distinction from Other Security Skills

Skill	Focus	Approach
red-team (this)	Adversary simulation	Offensive — structured attack planning and execution
security-pen-testing	Vulnerability discovery	Offensive — systematic exploitation of specific weaknesses
threat-detection	Finding attacker activity	Proactive — detect TTPs in telemetry
incident-response	Active incident management	Reactive — contain and investigate confirmed incidents

Authorization Requirement

All red team activities described here require written authorization. This includes a signed Rules of Engagement (RoE) document, defined scope, and explicit executive approval. The engagement_planner.py tool will not generate output without the --authorized flag. Unauthorized use of these techniques is illegal under the CFAA, Computer Misuse Act, and equivalent laws worldwide.

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Engagement Planner Tool

The engagement_planner.py tool builds a scored, kill-chain-ordered attack plan from technique selection, access level, and crown jewel targets.

# Basic engagement plan — external access, specific techniques
python3 scripts/engagement_planner.py \
  --techniques T1059,T1078,T1003 \
  --access-level external \
  --authorized --json

# Internal network access with crown jewel targeting
python3 scripts/engagement_planner.py \
  --techniques T1059,T1078,T1021,T1550,T1003 \
  --access-level internal \
  --crown-jewels "Database,Active Directory,Payment Systems" \
  --authorized --json

# Credentialed (assumed breach) scenario with scale
python3 scripts/engagement_planner.py \
  --techniques T1059,T1078,T1021,T1550,T1003,T1486,T1048 \
  --access-level credentialed \
  --crown-jewels "Domain Controller,S3 Data Lake" \
  --target-count 50 \
  --authorized --json

# List all 29 supported MITRE ATT&CK techniques
python3 scripts/engagement_planner.py --list-techniques

Access Level Definitions

Level	Starting Position	Techniques Available
external	No internal access — internet only	External-facing techniques only (T1190, T1566, etc.)
internal	Network foothold — no credentials	Internal recon + lateral movement prep
credentialed	Valid credentials obtained	Full kill chain including priv-esc, lateral movement, impact

Exit Codes

Code	Meaning
0	Engagement plan generated successfully
1	Missing authorization or invalid technique
2	Scope violation — technique outside access-level constraints

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Kill-Chain Phase Methodology

The engagement planner organizes techniques into eight kill-chain phases and orders the execution plan accordingly.

Kill-Chain Phase Order

Phase	Order	MITRE Tactic	Examples
Reconnaissance	1	TA0043	T1595, T1596, T1598
Resource Development	2	TA0042	T1583, T1588
Initial Access	3	TA0001	T1190, T1566, T1078
Execution	4	TA0002	T1059, T1047, T1204
Persistence	5	TA0003	T1053, T1543, T1136
Privilege Escalation	6	TA0004	T1055, T1548, T1134
Credential Access	7	TA0006	T1003, T1110, T1558
Lateral Movement	8	TA0008	T1021, T1550, T1534
Collection	9	TA0009	T1074, T1560, T1114
Exfiltration	10	TA0010	T1048, T1041, T1567
Impact	11	TA0040	T1486, T1491, T1498

Phase Execution Principles

Each phase must be completed before advancing to the next unless the engagement scope specifies assumed breach (skip to a later phase). Do not skip persistence before attempting lateral movement — persistence ensures operational continuity if a single foothold is detected and removed.

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Technique Scoring and Prioritization

Techniques are scored by effort (how hard to execute without detection) and prioritized in the engagement plan.

Effort Score Formula

effort_score = detection_risk × (len(prerequisites) + 1)

Lower effort score = easier to execute without triggering detection.

Technique Scoring Reference

Technique	Detection Risk	Prerequisites	Effort Score	MITRE ID
PowerShell execution	0.7	initial_access	1.4	T1059.001
Scheduled task persistence	0.5	execution	1.0	T1053.005
Pass-the-Hash	0.6	credential_access, internal_network	1.8	T1550.002
LSASS credential dump	0.8	local_admin	1.6	T1003.001
Spearphishing link	0.4	none	0.4	T1566.001
Ransomware deployment	0.9	persistence, lateral_movement	2.7	T1486

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Choke Point Analysis

Choke points are techniques required by multiple paths to crown jewel assets. Detecting a choke point technique detects all attack paths that pass through it.

Choke Point Identification

The engagement planner identifies choke points by finding techniques in credential_access and privilege_escalation tactics that serve as prerequisites for multiple subsequent techniques targeting crown jewels.

Prioritize detection rule development and monitoring density around choke point techniques — hardening a choke point has multiplied defensive value.

Common Choke Points by Environment

Environment Type	Common Choke Points	Detection Priority
Active Directory domain	T1003 (credential dump), T1558 (Kerberoasting)	Highest
AWS environment	T1078.004 (cloud account), iam:PassRole chains	Highest
Hybrid cloud	T1550.002 (PtH), T1021.006 (WinRM)	High
Containerized apps	T1610 (deploy container), T1611 (container escape)	High

Full methodology: references/attack-path-methodology.md

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OPSEC Risk Assessment

OPSEC risk items identify actions that are likely to trigger detection or leave persistent artifacts.

OPSEC Risk Categories

Tactic	Primary OPSEC Risk	Mitigation
Credential Access	LSASS memory access triggers EDR	Use LSASS-less techniques (DCSync, Kerberoasting) where possible
Execution	PowerShell command-line logging	Use AMSI bypass or alternative execution methods in scope
Lateral Movement	NTLM lateral movement generates event 4624 type 3	Use Kerberos where possible; avoid NTLM over the network
Persistence	Scheduled tasks generate event 4698	Use less-monitored persistence mechanisms within scope
Exfiltration	Large outbound transfers trigger DLP	Stage data and use slow exfil if stealth is required

OPSEC Checklist Before Each Phase

1. Is the technique in scope per RoE?
2. Will it generate logs that blue team monitors actively?
3. Is there a less-detectable alternative that achieves the same objective?
4. If detected, will it reveal the full operation or only the current foothold?
5. Are cleanup artifacts defined for post-exercise removal?

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Crown Jewel Targeting

Crown jewel assets are the high-value targets that define the success criteria of a red team engagement.

Crown Jewel Classification

Crown Jewel Type	Target Indicators	Attack Paths
Domain Controller	AD DS, NTDS.dit, SYSVOL	Kerberoasting → DCSync → Golden Ticket
Database servers	Production SQL, NoSQL, data warehouse	Lateral movement → DBA account → data staging
Payment systems	PCI-scoped network, card data vault	Network pivot → service account → exfiltration
Source code repositories	Internal Git, build systems	VPN → internal git → code signing keys
Cloud management plane	AWS management console, IAM admin	Phishing → credential → AssumeRole chain

Crown jewel definition is agreed upon in the RoE — engagement success is measured by whether red team reaches defined crown jewels, not by the number of vulnerabilities found.

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Attack Path Methodology

Attack path analysis identifies all viable routes from the starting access level to each crown jewel.

Path Scoring

Each path is scored by:

• Total effort score (sum of per-technique effort scores)
• Choke point count (how many choke points the path passes through)
• Detection probability (product of per-technique detection risks)

Lower effort + fewer choke points = path of least resistance for the attacker.

Attack Path Graph Construction

external
  └─ T1566.001 (spearphishing) → initial_access
       └─ T1059.001 (PowerShell) → execution
            └─ T1003.001 (LSASS dump) → credential_access [CHOKE POINT]
                 └─ T1550.002 (Pass-the-Hash) → lateral_movement
                      └─ T1078.002 (domain account) → privilege_escalation
                           └─ Crown Jewel: Domain Controller

For the full scoring algorithm, choke point weighting, and effort-vs-impact matrix, see references/attack-path-methodology.md.

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Workflows

Workflow 1: Quick Engagement Scoping (30 Minutes)

For scoping a focused red team exercise against a specific target:

# 1. Generate initial technique list from kill-chain coverage gaps
python3 scripts/engagement_planner.py --list-techniques

# 2. Build plan for external assumed-no-access scenario
python3 scripts/engagement_planner.py \
  --techniques T1566,T1190,T1059,T1003,T1021 \
  --access-level external \
  --crown-jewels "Database Server" \
  --authorized --json

# 3. Review choke_points and opsec_risks in output
# 4. Present kill-chain phases to stakeholders for scope approval

Decision: If choke_points are already covered by detection rules, focus on gaps. If not, those are the highest-value exercise targets.

Workflow 2: Full Red Team Engagement (Multi-Week)

Week 1 — Planning:

1. Define crown jewels and success criteria with stakeholders
2. Sign RoE with defined scope, timeline, and out-of-scope exclusions
3. Build engagement plan with engagement_planner.py
4. Review OPSEC risks for each phase

Week 2 — Execution (External Phase):

1. Reconnaissance and target profiling
2. Initial access attempts (phishing, exploit public-facing)
3. Document each technique executed with timestamps
4. Log all detection events to validate blue team coverage

Week 3 — Execution (Internal Phase):

1. Establish persistence if initial access obtained
2. Execute credential access techniques (choke points)
3. Lateral movement toward crown jewels
4. Document when and how crown jewels were reached

Week 4 — Reporting:

1. Compile findings — techniques executed, detection rates, crown jewels reached
2. Map findings to detection gaps
3. Produce remediation recommendations prioritized by choke point impact
4. Deliver read-out to security leadership

Workflow 3: Assumed Breach Tabletop

Simulate a compromised credential scenario for rapid detection testing:

# Assumed breach — credentialed access starting position
python3 scripts/engagement_planner.py \
  --techniques T1059,T1078,T1021,T1550,T1003,T1048 \
  --access-level credentialed \
  --crown-jewels "Active Directory,S3 Data Bucket" \
  --target-count 20 \
  --authorized --json | jq '.phases, .choke_points, .opsec_risks'

# Run across multiple access levels to compare path options
for level in external internal credentialed; do
  echo "=== ${level} ==="
  python3 scripts/engagement_planner.py \
    --techniques T1059,T1078,T1003,T1021 \
    --access-level "${level}" \
    --authorized --json | jq '.total_effort_score, .phases | keys'
done

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Anti-Patterns

1. Operating without written authorization — Unauthorized red team activity against any system you don't own or have explicit permission to test is a criminal offense. The --authorized flag must reflect a real signed RoE, not just running the tool to bypass the check. Authorization must predate execution.
2. Skipping kill-chain phase ordering — Jumping directly to lateral movement without establishing persistence means a single detection wipes out the entire foothold. Follow the kill-chain phase order — each phase builds the foundation for the next.
3. Not defining crown jewels before starting — Engagements without defined success criteria drift into open-ended vulnerability hunting. Crown jewels and success conditions must be agreed upon in the RoE before the first technique is executed.
4. Ignoring OPSEC risks in the plan — Red team exercises test blue team detection. Deliberately avoiding all detectable techniques produces an unrealistic engagement that doesn't validate detection coverage. Use OPSEC risks to understand detection exposure, not to avoid it entirely.
5. Failing to document executed techniques in real time — Retroactive documentation of what was executed is unreliable. Log each technique, timestamp, and outcome as it happens. Post-engagement reporting must be based on contemporaneous records.
6. Not cleaning up artifacts post-exercise — Persistence mechanisms, new accounts, modified configurations, and staged data must be removed after engagement completion. Leaving red team artifacts creates permanent security risks and can be confused with real attacker activity.
7. Treating path of least resistance as the only path — Attackers adapt. Test multiple attack paths including higher-effort routes that may evade detection. Validating that the easiest path is detected is necessary but not sufficient.

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Cross-References

Skill	Relationship
threat-detection	Red team technique execution generates realistic TTPs that validate threat hunting hypotheses
incident-response	Red team activity should trigger incident response procedures — detection and response quality is a primary success metric
cloud-security	Cloud posture findings (IAM misconfigs, S3 exposure) become red team attack path targets
security-pen-testing	Pen testing focuses on specific vulnerability exploitation; red team focuses on end-to-end kill-chain simulation to crown jewels