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Monorepo Management

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Master monorepo management with Turborepo, Nx, and pnpm workspaces to build efficient, scalable multi-package repositories with optimized builds and dependency management. Use when setting up monorepos, optimizing builds, or managing shared dependencies.

Originally by wshobson · MIT

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Master monorepo management with Turborepo, Nx, and pnpm workspaces to build efficient, scalable multi-package repositories with optimized builds and dependency management. Use when setting up monorepos, optimizing builds, or managing shared dependencies.

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monorepo-management/SKILL.md218 lines5.0 KBRawView on GitHub
Frontmatter — 2 properties
namemonorepo-management
descriptionMaster monorepo management with Turborepo, Nx, and pnpm workspaces to build efficient, scalable multi-package repositories with optimized builds and dependency management. Use when setting up monorepos, optimizing builds, or managing shared dependencies.
1---
2name: monorepo-management
3description: Master monorepo management with Turborepo, Nx, and pnpm workspaces to build efficient, scalable multi-package repositories with optimized builds and dependency management. Use when setting up monorepos, optimizing builds, or managing shared dependencies.
4---A5 — No allowed-tools declared — no way to tell what this skill may touch
5 
6# Monorepo Management
7 
8Build efficient, scalable monorepos that enable code sharing, consistent tooling, and atomic changes across multiple packages and applications.
9 
10## When to Use This Skill
11 
12- Setting up new monorepo projects
13- Migrating from multi-repo to monorepo
14- Optimizing build and test performance
15- Managing shared dependencies
16- Implementing code sharing strategies
17- Setting up CI/CD for monorepos
18- Versioning and publishing packages
19- Debugging monorepo-specific issues
20 
21## Core Concepts
22 
23### 1. Why Monorepos?
24 
25**Advantages:**
26 
27- Shared code and dependencies
28- Atomic commits across projects
29- Consistent tooling and standards
30- Easier refactoring
31- Simplified dependency management
32- Better code visibility
33 
34**Challenges:**
35 
36- Build performance at scale
37- CI/CD complexity
38- Access control
39- Large Git repository
40 
41### 2. Monorepo Tools
42 
43**Package Managers:**
44 
45- pnpm workspaces (recommended)
46- npm workspaces
47- Yarn workspaces
48 
49**Build Systems:**
50 
51- Turborepo (recommended for most)
52- Nx (feature-rich, complex)
53- Lerna (older, maintenance mode)
54 
55## Turborepo Setup
56 
57### Initial Setup
58 
59```bash
60# Create new monorepo
61npx create-turbo@latest my-monorepo
62cd my-monorepo
63 
64# Structure:
65# apps/
66# web/ - Next.js app
67# docs/ - Documentation site
68# packages/
69# ui/ - Shared UI components
70# config/ - Shared configurations
71# tsconfig/ - Shared TypeScript configs
72# turbo.json - Turborepo configuration
73# package.json - Root package.json
74```
75 
76### Configuration
77 
78```json
79// turbo.json
80{
81 "$schema": "https://turbo.build/schema.json",A2 — Sends to turbo.build — outside the allowlist, and this file also reads environment variables or keys
82 "globalDependencies": ["**/.env.*local"],
83 "pipeline": {
84 "build": {
85 "dependsOn": ["^build"],
86 "outputs": ["dist/**", ".next/**", "!.next/cache/**"]
87 },
88 "test": {
89 "dependsOn": ["build"],
90 "outputs": ["coverage/**"]
91 },
92 "lint": {
93 "outputs": []
94 },
95 "dev": {
96 "cache": false,
97 "persistent": true
98 },
99 "type-check": {
100 "dependsOn": ["^build"],
101 "outputs": []
102 }
103 }
104}
105```
106 
107```json
108// package.json (root)
109{
110 "name": "my-monorepo",
111 "private": true,
112 "workspaces": ["apps/*", "packages/*"],
113 "scripts": {
114 "build": "turbo run build",
115 "dev": "turbo run dev",
116 "test": "turbo run test",
117 "lint": "turbo run lint",
118 "format": "prettier --write \"**/*.{ts,tsx,md}\"",
119 "clean": "turbo run clean && rm -rf node_modules"
120 },
121 "devDependencies": {
122 "turbo": "^1.10.0",
123 "prettier": "^3.0.0",
124 "typescript": "^5.0.0"
125 },
126 "packageManager": "[email protected]"
127}
128```
129 
130### Package Structure
131 
132```json
133// packages/ui/package.json
134{
135 "name": "@repo/ui",
136 "version": "0.0.0",
137 "private": true,
138 "main": "./dist/index.js",
139 "types": "./dist/index.d.ts",
140 "exports": {
141 ".": {
142 "import": "./dist/index.js",
143 "types": "./dist/index.d.ts"
144 },
145 "./button": {
146 "import": "./dist/button.js",
147 "types": "./dist/button.d.ts"
148 }
149 },
150 "scripts": {
151 "build": "tsup src/index.ts --format esm,cjs --dts",
152 "dev": "tsup src/index.ts --format esm,cjs --dts --watch",
153 "lint": "eslint src/",
154 "type-check": "tsc --noEmit"
155 },
156 "devDependencies": {
157 "@repo/tsconfig": "workspace:*",
158 "tsup": "^7.0.0",
159 "typescript": "^5.0.0"
160 },
161 "dependencies": {
162 "react": "^18.2.0"
163 }
164}
165```
166 
167## Detailed patterns and worked examples
168 
169Detailed pattern documentation lives in `references/details.md`. Read that file when the navigation tier above is insufficient.
170 
171## Best Practices
172 
1731. **Consistent Versioning**: Lock dependency versions across workspace
1742. **Shared Configs**: Centralize ESLint, TypeScript, Prettier configs
1753. **Dependency Graph**: Keep it acyclic, avoid circular dependencies
1764. **Cache Effectively**: Configure inputs/outputs correctly
1775. **Type Safety**: Share types between frontend/backend
1786. **Testing Strategy**: Unit tests in packages, E2E in apps
1797. **Documentation**: README in each package
1808. **Release Strategy**: Use changesets for versioning
181 
182## Common Pitfalls
183 
184- **Circular Dependencies**: A depends on B, B depends on A
185- **Phantom Dependencies**: Using deps not in package.json
186- **Incorrect Cache Inputs**: Missing files in Turborepo inputs
187- **Over-Sharing**: Sharing code that should be separate
188- **Under-Sharing**: Duplicating code across packages
189- **Large Monorepos**: Without proper tooling, builds slow down
190 
191## Publishing Packages
192 
193```bash
194# Using Changesets
195pnpm add -Dw @changesets/cli
196pnpm changeset init
197 
198# Create changeset
199pnpm changeset
200 
201# Version packages
202pnpm changeset version
203 
204# Publish
205pnpm changeset publish
206```
207 
208```yaml
209# .github/workflows/release.yml
210- name: Create Release Pull Request or Publish
211 uses: changesets/action@v1
212 with:
213 publish: pnpm release
214 env:
215 GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
216 NPM_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}
217```
218 

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