Hybrid Cloud Networking
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Configure secure, high-performance connectivity between on-premises infrastructure and cloud platforms using VPN and dedicated connections. Use when building hybrid cloud architectures, connecting data centers to cloud, or implementing secure cross-premises networking.
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Frontmatter — 2 properties
| name | hybrid-cloud-networking |
|---|---|
| description | Configure secure, high-performance connectivity between on-premises infrastructure and cloud platforms using VPN and dedicated connections. Use when building hybrid cloud architectures, connecting data centers to cloud, or implementing secure cross-premises networking. |
| 1 | --- |
| 2 | name: hybrid-cloud-networking |
| 3 | description: Configure secure, high-performance connectivity between on-premises infrastructure and cloud platforms using VPN and dedicated connections. Use when building hybrid cloud architectures, connecting data centers to cloud, or implementing secure cross-premises networking. |
| 4 | ---A5 — No allowed-tools declared — no way to tell what this skill may touch |
| 5 | |
| 6 | # Hybrid Cloud Networking |
| 7 | |
| 8 | Configure secure, high-performance connectivity between on-premises and cloud environments using VPN, Direct Connect, ExpressRoute, Interconnect, and FastConnect. |
| 9 | |
| 10 | ## Purpose |
| 11 | |
| 12 | Establish secure, reliable network connectivity between on-premises data centers and cloud providers (AWS, Azure, GCP, OCI). |
| 13 | |
| 14 | ## When to Use |
| 15 | |
| 16 | - Connect on-premises to cloud |
| 17 | - Extend datacenter to cloud |
| 18 | - Implement hybrid active-active setups |
| 19 | - Meet compliance requirements |
| 20 | - Migrate to cloud gradually |
| 21 | |
| 22 | ## Connection Options |
| 23 | |
| 24 | ### AWS Connectivity |
| 25 | |
| 26 | #### 1. Site-to-Site VPN |
| 27 | |
| 28 | - IPSec VPN over internet |
| 29 | - Up to 1.25 Gbps per tunnel |
| 30 | - Cost-effective for moderate bandwidth |
| 31 | - Higher latency, internet-dependent |
| 32 | |
| 33 | ```hcl |
| 34 | resource "aws_vpn_gateway" "main" { |
| 35 | vpc_id = aws_vpc.main.id |
| 36 | tags = { |
| 37 | Name = "main-vpn-gateway" |
| 38 | } |
| 39 | } |
| 40 | |
| 41 | resource "aws_customer_gateway" "main" { |
| 42 | bgp_asn = 65000 |
| 43 | ip_address = "203.0.113.1" |
| 44 | type = "ipsec.1" |
| 45 | } |
| 46 | |
| 47 | resource "aws_vpn_connection" "main" { |
| 48 | vpn_gateway_id = aws_vpn_gateway.main.id |
| 49 | customer_gateway_id = aws_customer_gateway.main.id |
| 50 | type = "ipsec.1" |
| 51 | static_routes_only = false |
| 52 | } |
| 53 | ``` |
| 54 | |
| 55 | #### 2. AWS Direct Connect |
| 56 | |
| 57 | - Dedicated network connection |
| 58 | - 1 Gbps to 100 Gbps |
| 59 | - Lower latency, consistent bandwidth |
| 60 | - More expensive, setup time required |
| 61 | |
| 62 | **Reference:** See `references/direct-connect.md` |
| 63 | |
| 64 | ### Azure Connectivity |
| 65 | |
| 66 | #### 1. Site-to-Site VPN |
| 67 | |
| 68 | ```hcl |
| 69 | resource "azurerm_virtual_network_gateway" "vpn" { |
| 70 | name = "vpn-gateway" |
| 71 | location = azurerm_resource_group.main.location |
| 72 | resource_group_name = azurerm_resource_group.main.name |
| 73 | |
| 74 | type = "Vpn" |
| 75 | vpn_type = "RouteBased" |
| 76 | sku = "VpnGw1" |
| 77 | |
| 78 | ip_configuration { |
| 79 | name = "vnetGatewayConfig" |
| 80 | public_ip_address_id = azurerm_public_ip.vpn.id |
| 81 | private_ip_address_allocation = "Dynamic" |
| 82 | subnet_id = azurerm_subnet.gateway.id |
| 83 | } |
| 84 | } |
| 85 | ``` |
| 86 | |
| 87 | #### 2. Azure ExpressRoute |
| 88 | |
| 89 | - Private connection via connectivity provider |
| 90 | - Up to 100 Gbps |
| 91 | - Low latency, high reliability |
| 92 | - Premium for global connectivity |
| 93 | |
| 94 | ### GCP Connectivity |
| 95 | |
| 96 | #### 1. Cloud VPN |
| 97 | |
| 98 | - IPSec VPN (Classic or HA VPN) |
| 99 | - HA VPN: 99.99% SLA |
| 100 | - Up to 3 Gbps per tunnel |
| 101 | |
| 102 | #### 2. Cloud Interconnect |
| 103 | |
| 104 | - Dedicated (10 Gbps, 100 Gbps) |
| 105 | - Partner (50 Mbps to 50 Gbps) |
| 106 | - Lower latency than VPN |
| 107 | |
| 108 | ### OCI Connectivity |
| 109 | |
| 110 | #### 1. IPSec VPN Connect |
| 111 | |
| 112 | - IPSec VPN with redundant tunnels |
| 113 | - Dynamic routing through DRG |
| 114 | - Good fit for branch offices and migration phases |
| 115 | |
| 116 | #### 2. OCI FastConnect |
| 117 | |
| 118 | - Private dedicated connectivity through Oracle or partner edge |
| 119 | - Suitable for predictable throughput and lower-latency hybrid traffic |
| 120 | - Commonly paired with DRG for hub-and-spoke designs |
| 121 | |
| 122 | ## Hybrid Network Patterns |
| 123 | |
| 124 | ### Pattern 1: Hub-and-Spoke |
| 125 | |
| 126 | ``` |
| 127 | On-Premises Datacenter |
| 128 | ↓ |
| 129 | VPN/Direct Connect |
| 130 | ↓ |
| 131 | Transit Gateway (AWS) / vWAN (Azure) |
| 132 | ↓ |
| 133 | ├─ Production VPC/VNet |
| 134 | ├─ Staging VPC/VNet |
| 135 | └─ Development VPC/VNet |
| 136 | ``` |
| 137 | |
| 138 | ### Pattern 2: Multi-Region Hybrid |
| 139 | |
| 140 | ``` |
| 141 | On-Premises |
| 142 | ├─ Direct Connect → us-east-1 |
| 143 | └─ Direct Connect → us-west-2 |
| 144 | ↓ |
| 145 | Cross-Region Peering |
| 146 | ``` |
| 147 | |
| 148 | ### Pattern 3: Multi-Cloud Hybrid |
| 149 | |
| 150 | ``` |
| 151 | On-Premises Datacenter |
| 152 | ├─ Direct Connect → AWS |
| 153 | ├─ ExpressRoute → Azure |
| 154 | ├─ Interconnect → GCP |
| 155 | └─ FastConnect → OCI |
| 156 | ``` |
| 157 | |
| 158 | ## Routing Configuration |
| 159 | |
| 160 | ### BGP Configuration |
| 161 | |
| 162 | ``` |
| 163 | On-Premises Router: |
| 164 | - AS Number: 65000 |
| 165 | - Advertise: 10.0.0.0/8 |
| 166 | |
| 167 | Cloud Router: |
| 168 | - AS Number: 64512 (AWS), 65515 (Azure), provider-assigned for GCP/OCI |
| 169 | - Advertise: Cloud VPC/VNet CIDRs |
| 170 | ``` |
| 171 | |
| 172 | ### Route Propagation |
| 173 | |
| 174 | - Enable route propagation on route tables |
| 175 | - Use BGP for dynamic routing |
| 176 | - Implement route filtering |
| 177 | - Monitor route advertisements |
| 178 | |
| 179 | ## Security Best Practices |
| 180 | |
| 181 | 1. **Use private connectivity** (Direct Connect/ExpressRoute/Interconnect/FastConnect) |
| 182 | 2. **Implement encryption** for VPN tunnels |
| 183 | 3. **Use VPC endpoints** to avoid internet routing |
| 184 | 4. **Configure network ACLs** and security groups |
| 185 | 5. **Enable VPC Flow Logs** for monitoring |
| 186 | 6. **Implement DDoS protection** |
| 187 | 7. **Use PrivateLink/Private Endpoints** |
| 188 | 8. **Monitor connections** with CloudWatch/Azure Monitor/Cloud Monitoring/OCI Monitoring |
| 189 | 9. **Implement redundancy** (dual tunnels) |
| 190 | 10. **Regular security audits** |
| 191 | |
| 192 | ## High Availability |
| 193 | |
| 194 | ### Dual VPN Tunnels |
| 195 | |
| 196 | ```hcl |
| 197 | resource "aws_vpn_connection" "primary" { |
| 198 | vpn_gateway_id = aws_vpn_gateway.main.id |
| 199 | customer_gateway_id = aws_customer_gateway.primary.id |
| 200 | type = "ipsec.1" |
| 201 | } |
| 202 | |
| 203 | resource "aws_vpn_connection" "secondary" { |
| 204 | vpn_gateway_id = aws_vpn_gateway.main.id |
| 205 | customer_gateway_id = aws_customer_gateway.secondary.id |
| 206 | type = "ipsec.1" |
| 207 | } |
| 208 | ``` |
| 209 | |
| 210 | ### Active-Active Configuration |
| 211 | |
| 212 | - Multiple connections from different locations |
| 213 | - BGP for automatic failover |
| 214 | - Equal-cost multi-path (ECMP) routing |
| 215 | - Monitor health of all connections |
| 216 | |
| 217 | ## Monitoring and Troubleshooting |
| 218 | |
| 219 | ### Key Metrics |
| 220 | |
| 221 | - Tunnel status (up/down) |
| 222 | - Bytes in/out |
| 223 | - Packet loss |
| 224 | - Latency |
| 225 | - BGP session status |
| 226 | |
| 227 | ### Troubleshooting |
| 228 | |
| 229 | ```bash |
| 230 | # AWS VPN |
| 231 | aws ec2 describe-vpn-connections |
| 232 | aws ec2 get-vpn-connection-telemetry |
| 233 | |
| 234 | # Azure VPN |
| 235 | az network vpn-connection show |
| 236 | az network vpn-connection show-device-config-script |
| 237 | |
| 238 | # OCI IPSec VPN |
| 239 | oci network ip-sec-connection list |
| 240 | oci network cpe list |
| 241 | ``` |
| 242 | |
| 243 | ## Cost Optimization |
| 244 | |
| 245 | 1. **Right-size connections** based on traffic |
| 246 | 2. **Use VPN for low-bandwidth** workloads |
| 247 | 3. **Consolidate traffic** through fewer connections |
| 248 | 4. **Minimize data transfer** costs |
| 249 | 5. **Use dedicated private links** for high bandwidth |
| 250 | 6. **Implement caching** to reduce traffic |
| 251 | |
| 252 | |
| 253 | ## Related Skills |
| 254 | |
| 255 | - `multi-cloud-architecture` - For architecture decisions |
| 256 | - `terraform-module-library` - For IaC implementation |
| 257 |
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